How does responsibility flow in a hierarchical structure?

In a hierarchical structure, responsibility flows from higher levels of management to lower levels. This means that directors, who are at the top of the hierarchy, delegate responsibilities to senior management. This trend continues down to middle management, where further delegation occurs.

This cascading of responsibility ensures that directives from the highest levels can be communicated and executed effectively throughout all layers of the organization. Each level has its roles and duties, which contribute to the overall functioning of the business. The upper management sets strategic goals, and as those responsibilities are passed down, each managerial level is responsible for implementing those strategies within their respective teams and departments.

The other options do not accurately reflect the typical flow of responsibility in a hierarchical organization, as they either limit the flow to fewer levels or do not consider the necessary inclusivity of the entire structure from top to bottom.